|
Tons
to Punch Hole
|
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 |
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Chart showing Tonnage Required to Punch a Hole
What size
Portable Hole Punch or hydraulic
Ironworker machine is needed for punching a hole size?
This chart shows the tons of force required for punching a single round
hole in mild steel derived by the formula: Tons of pressure required
+ hole size x material thickness x constant 80. All table figures shown
are tons or percentages of tons. For sizes inbetween, you can interpolate.
To calculate the tons needed for other metals just multiply number times
the tons required for punching mild steel:
Aluminum (2024-0): multiply x .36
Brass (1/4 hard): multiply x .70
Copper (1/2 hard): multiply x .52
High Carbon Steel: multiply x 1.60
A36 Steel (recycled): multiply x 1.25
Stainless Steel: multiply x 1.50
Also remember that you should never try to punch a hole that is smaller
that the thickness of the steel. This is because the concentrated load
on the punch stem will shatter it very quickly. That is why there are
blank spots on the chart. Example; if the steel is 1/4 inch thick, you
should not try to punch a hole smaller than 1/4 inch diameter. You should
consider drilling the hole instead.
A hint on how to keep your punches sharp longer; spray oil on the spot
before you punch the hole. This will prevent the punch from getting dull
so quickly. This is especially true when punching holes in stainless steel
or hard aircraft aluminum. Without spraying oil, the punches will get
dull twice as fast as the die, which is a good reason to buy twice as
many punches as dies.
If you are punching metric size hole diameters and want to use this chart,
divide by 25.4 to convert your mm sizes into inches so that you can find
the tonnage needed to punch your hole sizes. For your convenience we have
already converted some hole sizes from inches to mm.
To convert to metric from inches, remember 1 inch = 25.4 mm, so just multiply
the inch sizes by 25.4 to get your answer in mm.
|
Round
Hole Diameter [inches] to be punched
|
|||||||||||||||
| Steel Thickness |
1/8
inch
diameter |
3/16
|
1/4
|
5/16
|
3/8
|
7/16
|
1/2
|
9/16
|
5/8
|
11/16
|
3/4
|
13/16
|
7/8
|
15/16
|
|
| 26 gauge (.018) |
.18
tons
|
.27
|
.36
|
.45
|
.54
|
.63
|
.72
|
.81
|
.90
|
.99
|
1.07
|
1.16
|
1.25
|
1.34
|
|
| 24 ga. (.024) |
.24
|
.36
|
.48
|
.60
|
.72
|
.84
|
.96
|
1.08
|
1.20
|
1.31
|
1.43
|
1.5
|
1.67
|
1.89
|
|
| 22 ga. (.030) |
.30
|
.45
|
.60
|
.75
|
.90
|
1.05
|
1.20
|
1.35
|
1.50
|
1.65
|
1.80
|
1.95
|
2.10
|
2.24
|
|
| 20 ga. (.036) |
.36
|
.54
|
.72
|
.90
|
1.08
|
1.26
|
1.44
|
1.62
|
1.80
|
1.98
|
2.15
|
2.33
|
2.51
|
2.69
|
|
| 18 ga. (.048) |
.48
|
.72
|
.96
|
1.20
|
1.20
|
1.43
|
1.67
|
1.91
|
2.39
|
2.63
|
2.87
|
3.11
|
3.34
|
3.58
|
|
| 16 ga. (.060) |
.60
|
.90
|
1.20
|
1.50
|
1.79
|
2.09
|
2.39
|
2.69
|
2.99
|
3.29
|
3.59
|
3.89
|
4.19
|
4.49
|
|
| 14 ga. (.075) |
.75
|
1.12
|
1.49
|
1.87
|
2.24
|
2.61
|
2.99
|
3.36
|
3.73
|
4.11
|
4.48
|
4.86
|
5.23
|
5.60
|
|
| 12 ga. (.105) |
1.05
|
1.57
|
2.09
|
2.62
|
3.14
|
3.66
|
4.18
|
4.71
|
5.23
|
5.75
|
6.28
|
6.80
|
7.32
|
7.85
|
|
| 10 ga. (.135) |
-
|
2.02
|
2.69
|
3.36
|
4.04
|
4.71
|
5.38
|
6.05
|
6.73
|
7.40
|
8.08
|
8.75
|
9.42
|
10.09
|
|
| 3/16 (.187) |
-
|
2.81
|
3.74
|
4.68
|
5.61
|
6.50
|
7.48
|
8.42
|
9.35
|
10.29
|
11.22
|
12.16
|
13.09
|
14.03
|
|
| 1/4 (.250) |
-
|
-
|
5.00
|
6.25
|
7.50
|
8.75
|
10.00
|
11.25
|
12.50
|
13.75
|
15.00
|
16.25
|
17.50
|
18.75
|
|
| 3/8 (.375) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
11.25
|
13.13
|
15.00
|
16.88
|
18.75
|
20.63
|
22.50
|
24.38
|
26.25
|
28.13
|
|
| 1/2 (.500) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
20.00
|
22.50
|
25.00
|
27.50
|
30.00
|
32.50
|
35.00
|
37.50
|
|
| 5/8 (.625) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
31.25
|
34.38
|
37.50
|
40.63
|
43.75
|
46.88
|
|
| 3/4 (.750) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
45.00
|
48.75
|
52.50
|
56.25
|
|
| 7/8 (.875) |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
61.25
|
65.63
|
|
| 1 inch thick |
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
-
|
Round
Hole Diameter to be punched
|
||||||||||||||||
| Steel
Thickness |
1
inch
(25.4mm) diameter |
1-1/16
(27mm) |
1-1/8
(28.6mm) |
1-1/4
(32mm) |
1-3/8
(35mm) |
1-1/2
(38mm) |
1-9/16
(40mm) |
1-3/4
(44.5mm) |
2
(51mm) |
3
(76mm) |
4
(102mm) |
|||||
| 16 gauge (.060) |
5
tons
|
5
|
5.5
|
6
|
7
|
7.3
|
7.6
|
8
|
10
|
14
|
19
tons
|
|||||
| 12 ga. (.105) |
8
|
9
|
9.5
|
10
|
12
|
13
|
13.5
|
15
|
17
|
25
|
33
|
|||||
| 10 ga. (.135) |
10
|
11
|
12
|
13
|
14
|
15
|
16
|
18
|
20
|
30
|
40
|
|||||
| 3/16 (.187) |
15
|
16
|
17
|
19
|
21
|
23
|
23
|
27
|
30
|
45
|
60
|
|||||
| 1/4 (.250) |
20
|
21
|
23
|
25
|
28
|
30
|
31
|
35
|
40
|
60
|
80
|
|||||
| 5/16 (.312) |
25
|
27
|
28
|
31
|
34
|
37
|
39
|
43
|
50
|
75
|
100
|
|||||
| 3/8 (.375) |
30
|
32
|
33
|
38
|
41
|
45
|
47
|
52
|
60
|
90
|
120
|
|||||
| 1/2 (.500) |
40
|
43
|
45
|
50
|
55
|
60
|
63
|
70
|
80
|
120
|
160
|
|||||
| 5/8 (.625) |
50
|
53
|
56
|
63
|
69
|
75
|
78
|
87
|
100
|
150
|
200
|
|||||
| 3/4 (.750) |
60
|
64
|
68
|
75
|
83
|
90
|
94
|
105
|
120
|
180
|
240
|
|||||
| 7/8 (.875) |
70
|
74
|
78
|
88
|
96
|
105
|
109
|
122
|
140
|
210
|
280
|
|||||
| 1 inch thick |
80
|
85
|
90
|
100
|
110
|
120
|
125
|
140
|
160
|
240
|
300
|
|||||
Below is a conversion chart that converts sheet metal gauge numbers into metal thickness:
| 26 gauge | 24 ga. | 22 ga. | 20 ga . | 18 ga. | 16 ga. | 14 ga. | 13 ga. | 12 ga. | 11 ga. | 10 ga. | 9 ga. | 8 ga. | 7 ga. | 6 ga. |
| .018" | .024" | .030" | .036" | .048" | .060" | .075" | .090" | .105" | .120" | .135" | .150" | .164" | .180" | .194 |
| .46mm | .61mm | .76mm | .91mm | 1.2mm | 1.5mm | 1.9mm | 2.3mm | 2.7mm | 3mm | 3.4mm | 3.8mm | 4mm | 4.6mm | 4.9mm |
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